There were 25 cases of the use of antivenom for stonefish reported to Commonwealth Serum Laboratories for a one-year period between July 1989 and June 1990, with most from Queensland and four from the Northern Territory. Number of incidents ġ936 article from Melbourne newspaper The Argus about venomous stonefish. Īfter stonefish envenomation the amount of anti-venom given depends on the number of puncture wounds from the stonefish spines. The Aboriginal people of Northern Australia and the Great Barrier Reef have ways of preparing the fish for eating to avoid poisoning. Some Indigenous Australians have corroborees which involve re-enacting the death of someone who trod on the fish. Stonefish antivenom is the second-most administered in Australia. They are not easily seen as they look similar to rocks or coral. Stonefish stings can occur on the beach, not just in the water, since stonefish can survive out of the water for up to 24 hours. Most stonefish stings occur as a result of stepping on the creature which forces venom into the foot, while it is less common for the fish to sting when it is picked up. The stonefish is the most venomous known fish in the world and stings can cause death if not treated.
Vinegar is found on some Australian beaches as it is said to lessen the pain.
Hot water (at a temperature of at least 45 ☌ (113 ☏)) applied to the injured area has been found to denature stonefish venom, and causes minimal discomfort to the victim. The two most recommended treatments are the application of heat to the affected area, and antivenom. Stonefish stings are extremely painful and potentially lethal. However the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. In humans stings can cause intense pain, respiratory weakness, damage to the cardiovascular system, convulsions and paralysis sometimes they can lead to death. The venom of Synanceia consists of a proteinaceous toxin called verrucotoxin (VTX), which modulates Ca 2+ channel activity through the β-adrenoceptor-cAMP-PKA pathway. Stonefish have the ability to extend sharp, specialized spines (lachrymal saber) as an additional defense mechanism. When the stonefish is disturbed, it may inject an amount of venom proportional to the amount of pressure applied to it. Swimmers may not notice them and inadvertently step on them, triggering a sting. The vernacular name of the species, the stonefish, derives from its grey and mottled camouflage similar to the color of a stone. The species has potent neurotoxins secreted from glands at the base of their needle-like dorsal fin spines which stick up when disturbed or threatened. Synanceia are primarily marine, and although some species are known to live in rivers, most live in coral reefs near the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans. Synanceia quinque Matsunuma, Manjaji‑Matsumoto & Motomura, 2021 Synanceia nana (Eschmeyer & Rama Rao, 1973) India to China, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Australia, and is also recorded in Vanuatu
Northern Indian Ocean to the Solomon Islands Synanceia alula ( Eschmeyer & Rama Rao, 1973) Synanceia contains the following species: Image The genus name Synanceia is made up of syn, meaning "with", and angeíon, which means "cavity", an allusion to the large, cavernous heads of the species considered to be in the genus. However, other authorities regard Synanceiidae as a valid family and the Synanceiini as the subfamily Synanceiinae. The genus Synanceia is classified within the tribe Synanceiini which is one of three tribes in the subfamily Synanceeinae within the family Scorpaenidae. Synanceia was first described as a genus in 1801 by the German naturalists Marcus Elieser Bloch and Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider with Scorpaena horrida, which had been described by Carl Linnaeus in 1766 from Ambon Island ( Indonesia), as its type species. They are found in the coastal regions of the Indo-Pacific. Stonefishes are venomous, dangerous, and fatal to humans.
Synanceia is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Synanceiinae, the stonefishes, which is classified within the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and relatives.
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